Documentary Evidence for Welsh Castles

The Welsh Castles

1106 [s.a.1105] Hywel ap Goronwy killed at Rhyd y Gors [Ritcors], AC, 33

1111 Cadwgan ap Bleddyn builds Powis castle, RBH.

1116 Cymer (Kymher/Vedrith quod est Kymmer), Meirionydd, of Uchdryd ab Edwin, built and burnt by Einion ap Cadwgan and Gruffydd ap Maredudd [R.B.H. & A.C.]

c.1130 Cilsant, in St Clears, castle of son of Bleddri ap Cedifor [Rowlands, I.W., 'The Making of the March... of Dyfed', Proc. Battle Conference III (1980), 151]

1143 Cadwaladr's castle of Aberystwyth (Aber Ystwyth) burnt [R.B.H.]. Castell Carreg Cennen founded by Anarawd ap Gruffydd.

1146 Llanstephan (Llann Ystyffant) defended by Maredudd ap Gruffydd, castle embrasures [R.B.H.]

1147 Cynfael (Chynuael) castle, built earlier by Cadwaladr, taken [R.B.H.]

1149 Owain ap Gruffydd ap Cynan built castle in Ial, probably Tomen y Rhodwydd [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1151]

1149 Llanrhystud (Llan Rystut/Llan Ristut) built by Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1151]

1149 Oswestry (Croes Oswalt) built by Madog ap Maredudd [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1151]

1150 Carmarthen (Caer Vyrdin) repaired by Cadell ap Gruffydd [R.B.H.]

1150 Castle of Cadfan ap Cadwaladr seized by Hywel ab Owain [R.B.H.]

1151 Pen-gwern (Ren Gwern) in Llanfihangel (Llan Vihagel) of Hywel ab Owain held [R.B.H. = Castell Gwallter, Pen., 178n]

1151 Llanrhystud (Llan Rystut/Llan Restut) taken from Hywel ab Owain by sons of Gruffydd ap Rhys, and then retaken by Hywel ab Owain [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1154]

1151 Ystrad Meurig (Ystrat Meuryc/Estrat Meuric) repaired/rebuilt by sons of Gruffydd [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1154, n.9]

1151 Lougher (Aber Llychwr/Lychur) destroyed by sons of Gruffydd [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1154]

1151 Dinefwr (Dinwileir/Dinehwr) repaired by sons of Gruffydd [R.B.H. & Pen., 178n]

1151 Humfrey's (Hwmffre) in valley of Clettwr repaired by Hywel ab Owain [R.B.H. = Hywel's Castle, Pen., 178n]

1153 Hywel ab Owain's castle in Penweddig (Penwedic) taken by sons of Gruffydd [R.B.H.]

1156 Aberdyfi (Aber Dyui/Aberdewi) built by Rhys [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1157]

1156 Castle built in Caereinion near Cymer (Kymer) by Madog ap Maredudd [R.B.H.]

1157 Castle of Ial (Tomen y Rhodwydd?) burnt by Iorwerth Goch [R.B.H.]

1157 Owain Gwynedd & sons came with army to Basingwerk (Dinas Bassing castra) and built a wall there [AC s.a.1158]

1158 Cadwaladr f Gruffydd & Hywel & Conan f Owain built a castle at (Denweileir) [AC s.a.1160]

1160 Madog ap Maredudd died in Whittington

1162 Tafolwern (Dafalwern) in Cyfeiliog taken by Hywel ab Ieuaf [R.B.H.]

1162 Tafolwern (Dafalwern) repaired by Owain Gwynedd [R.B.H.]

1162 Tafolwern (Walwerin) taken by Rhys ap Gruffydd [AC s.a.1163] (before Dinweilir & Llandovery)

1165 Whittington to Powys family.

1166 Cilgerran (Kilgerann) attacked by Flemings twice [R.B.H.]

1167 Tafolwern (Davalwern/Walwern) taken from Owain Cyfeiliog by Owain & Cadwaladr of Gwynedd and Rhys and given to Rhys [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1168]

1167 Caereinion (Gaer Einawn/Kereinaun), the same but given to Owain ap Madog ap Maredudd of Powys. Later destroyed by Owain Cyfeiliog and the French [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1168]

1168 (Aberynaun) built by Rhys [A.C. s.a.1169]

1168 Chirk fortified by Iorwerth Goch for king [P.R., 14 Henry II, 110]

1171 Cardigan (Aberteiui/Abertewi) built in stone by Rhys [R.B.H. & A.C., s.a.1172]

1175 Caerleon (Caer Llion) taken from Hywel ab Iorwerth ab Owain [R.B.H.]

1175 Caerleon (Caer Llion) returned to Iorwerth ab Owain [R.B.H.]

1175 Court (lys) of Seisyll ap Dyfnwal [R.B.H.]

1177 Rhaeadr-gwy (Rayadyr Gwy) built by Rhys [R.B.H.]

c.1180 Briton Ferry built by Morgan ap Caradog ab Iestyn [Merrick, Rice, A Booke of Glamorganshire Antiquities, ed. B.L. Barry, 1983, 109, Nos. XXI, XXVIII]

1184 Rhaeadr-gwy (Raiadr) [Monasticon V, 622]

1184/5 (Lannaneueri) of Rhys ap Gruffydd [Gir. Camb., IV, 100-1]

1187 Carreg Hwfa (Karec Oua), as a castle [R.B.H., but note Pen., 188n]

1188 Radnor (Radenoura), Crug Eryr (Crukeri), Rhaeadr-gwy (Raiderque), Caernarfon (Castrum de Arvon), Garn Fadryn (Karnmadrun), Deudraeth (Deutraeth), Rhuddlan, Dinas Emrys (Dynas Emereis), Degannwy, Dinefwr (Dynevur), Caerleon [Gir. Camb., VI, 13-8, 60-1, 123-4, 133, 137, 172, 176]

1189 New Castle Bridgend held by Morgan ap Caradog of Afan [Cartae Glam. II, 291, Nos. CCLXXXVII & 392, CCCXCVIII]

1189 Dinefwr (Dinewr) of Rhys ap Gruffydd [A.C.]

1190 Cedweli (Kerweli) built by Rhys [R.B.H.]

1192 Cardigan (Abertawi) [A.C.]

1192 Dinefwr (Dynnevore) [C.W., 29]

1193 Ystrad Meurig (Ystrat Meuryc) taken by Rhys ap Maelgwn [R.B.H.]

1193 Lawhaden (Llannyhadein/Lanwaden or Lanamdeuery) destroyed by sons of Rhys [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1194 Ystrad Meurig (Ystrat Meuryc) given by Maelgwn ap Rhys to his brother [R.B.H.]

1194 Rhaeadr-gwy (Rayadyr Gwy) rebuilt by Rhys 2nd time and again destroyed by sons of Cadwallon [R.B.H.]

1194 Dafydd ab Owain held 3 castles [R.B.H.]

1194 Carreg Hwfa (Carraghofa) strengthened by Maredudd ap Roger of Powis [P.R., 6 Richard I, 142]

1195 Dinefwr (Dinefwr) and Llandovery (chastell y Cantref Bychan) taken by Rhys and Maredudd ap Rhys [R.B.H.]

1195 Ystrad Meurig (Ystrat Meuruc) [R.B.H.]

1195 Wizo's Castle (Wiz) taken [A.C.]

1195 St Clears (Sancti Clari) taken [A.C.]

1195 Nevern (Newer) [A.C.]

1196 Welshpool (Trallwg) taken and retaken, first by mining [R.B.H.]

1197 Aberystwyth (Aber Ystwyth) seized by Gwenwynwyn and Maelgwn ap Rhys, [R.B.H.]

1197 Gelligaer (castrum de Cadwalan) [P.R., 9 Richard I, 195]

1198 Cardigan (Aber Teiui) and Ystrad Meurig (Ystrat Meuruc) seized by Maelgwn ap Rhys [R.B.H.]

1198 Dinefwr (Dinefwr) taken by youngest sons of Rhys [R.B.H.]

1198 Llanfair Rhyd Castell (Voelas) granted to Aberconwy by Llywelyn ab Iorwerth [Gresham, C.A., 'The Aberconwy Charter', Arch. Camb. XCIV [1939], 144]

1199 Dineirth (Dineirth), built by Gruffydd ap Rhys was taken by Maelgwn ap Rhys [R.B.H.]

1199 Cilgerran (Kilgeran) taken by Gruffydd ap Rhys [R.B.H.]

1200 Cardigan (Aber Teiui/Abeteyui) sold by Welsh [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1201 Llandovery (Llanymdyfri/Cantrefbechan) passed from Maredudd ap Rhys to Gruffydd his brother [R.B.H. & AC]

1201 Cilgerran (Kilgerran) taken [A.C.]

1202 Bala (Bala) taken by Llywelyn from Elise ap Madog, who was only left with one castle [R.B.H.]

1202 Llandovery (Llanymdyfri/Llanamdewri) taken by Rhys Ieuanc [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1201]

1202 Crogen, [R.B.H.]

1203 Llanegwad (Llanegywat) taken by Rhys Ieuanc [R.B.H.]

1203 Llandovery (Llanymdyfri) and Llangadog (Llangadawc) fell to Maelgwn ap Rhys and Gwenwynwyn [R.B.H.]

1203 Dineirth (Dineirth) completed [R.B.H.]

1204 Dinefwr (Dinefwr) and Llandovery (Llanymdiffri) taken from Maelgwn ap Rhys by sons of Gruffydd [R.B.H.]

1204 Cilgerran (Chilgerran/Kilgerran) taken by Walter Marshal [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1205 Llangadog (Luchewein) burnt by Rhys Parvus and the French [A.C.]

1206 Abereinion (Aber Einawn) built by Maelgwn ap Rhys [R.B.H.]

1208 Ystrad Meurig (Ystrat Meuruc) thrown to ground, Dineirth and Aberystwyth burnt for fear of Llywelyn, who then rebuilt Aberystwyth [R.B.H.]

1208 Llangadog (Llan Gadawc/Luchewein) taken by Rhys Fychan, despite having been given Dinefwr by sons of Gruffydd [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1209 Llangadog (Llan Gadawc) burned by sons of Gruffydd [R.B.H.]

1210 Degannwy destroyed by Llywelyn in face of English army [R.B.H.]

1210 Llandovery (Llanymdyfri) surrendered to royalist Rhys Gryg [R.B.H.]

1213 Dinefwr (Dinefwr/Denewr) attacked and taken by Rhys Ieuanc, despite furious resistance from one twr, which later surrendered. Llandovery (Llannymdyfri/Lanam Deweri) soon followed suit [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1213 New Castle Bridgend, Leisan ap Morgan still lord of [Glamorgan County History III, 39]

1216 Cilgerran (Kilgerrann) and of Ystrad Tywi the castle of Llandovery (Llannymdyfri) to Maelgwn ap Rhys. Castles of Cardigan (Aber Yeiui) and Nant-yr-arian (Nant yr Aryant) to sons of Gruffydd [R.B.H.]

1217 Caerleon (Chaer Llion) seized by Walter Marshal [R.B.H.]

1217 All castles of Gower destroyed and English expelled [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1220 Dinefwr 'dismantled' [C.A.C.W., 24]

1221 Llywelyn began to build a castle in Meirionydd, possibly Y Bere [R.B.H.]

1221 Aberystwyth (Aberestwyth) taken from Rhys Ieuanc by Llywelyn [R.B.H.]

1223 Cardigan (Aberteiui/Aberteiui) and Carmarthen (Caer Vyrdin/Kermerdin) taken by William Marshal without resistance [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1221]

1223 Carmarthen rebuilt, Cilgerran (Kilgerrann/Kilgarran) rebuilt [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1221]

1225 Kinnerley (Kynardsley) held by Llywelyn [Rot. Lit. Claus., 570]

1227 Llandovery (Llannymdyfri) [R.B.H.]

1231 Castle of Rhys ap Bleddri [Ep. Acts I, 363]

1233 Trefilan (Trefilann/Trefilan) completed by Maelgwn Fychan, which his father Maelgwn had commenced [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1234]

c.1235 Morgraig commenced [Trans. Cardiff Nat. Soc. XXXVIII, 20-58]

1236 Machen (Meichein) taken from Morgan ap Hywel by Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke, but he restored it for fear of Llywelyn [R.B.H.]

1239 Criccieth (Kruceith) [R.B.H.]

1240 Kinnerley (Kinnersley), order to seize [C.C.R. 1237-42, 207]

1240 Cardigan (Aberteiui/edificavit turrim de Cardigan) refortified by Walter Marshal [R.B.H. & A.C. n.4]

1241 Degannwy (Degannoe) handed over to King Henry [AC]

1242 (Garth Grugyn/Garthgrugyn) fortified by Maelgwn Fychan [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1245/6 The castle which was Morgan Gam's [A.C.]

1245 Dryslwyn (Deresloyn) besieged [A.C. s.a.1246, n.1]

1246 Dinefwr [C.P.R. 1232-47, ]

1248 Carreg Cennen (Caric Kennenn) regained by Rhys Fychan after it had been treacherously lost by his mother [R.B.H.]

1256-65 Ewloe strengthened [P.R.O. Chester 29/23 m.48]; Llywelyn ap Gruffydd broke down the enclosure of the park [of Eulowe] and in the same place built a castle still [1316] situated there [CAPW, 93]

1257 Welshpool (Trallwg/Trallug) mentioned, Bydydon near Llanfyllin (Bydydon/Bodedon) destroyed [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1257 Dinefwr, Dryslwyn, Llandovery, Carreg Cennen, New Castle Emlyn [C.Ch.R.]

1259 Dinefwr (Dinewour/probably an error for Dryslwyn?), New Castle Emlyn (Castelh Nowid) of Maredudd ap Rhys, and Criccieth (Crukeid) [A.C.]

1265 New Castle Emlyn (Emelin) of Maredudd ap Rhys [C.C.R. 1264-68, 95]

1271 Rhyd y Bryw (Rid briw) [Lit. Wal., 29, 216]

1271 Dryslwyn, Dinefwr [R.B.H.]

1273 Brecon attacked [C.C.R. 1272-79, 56]

1273 Dolforwyn (Bachyranneleu) begun [Lit. Wal., No. 25]

1274 Dolforwyn (Dolvorwyn). Welshpool (Trallwg) burned and destroyed to the ground [R.B.H.]

1274 Forden (Wythegruc) occupied by Llywelyn? [Rot. Hund. II, 90]

1277 Dolforwyn (Doluorwyn) surrendered [R.B.H.]

1277 Dinefwr [Lit. Wal., 36]

1277 Dinas Bran, towers and walls; mentioned as burned [C.A.C.W., 83]

1277 Dinefwr, Carreg Cennen, Llandovery [C.P.R. 1272-79]

1277 New Castle Emlyn [C.A.C.W.]

1281 Dryslwyn (Tryslugn) [Lit. Wal., No. 200]

1283 Dinefwr [Lit. Wal., 122]

1283-1307 mention of Gwyn ap Gronow of Englefield (Flints) who held the bailiwick of the town of Vaynol (Faenol) & had suffered in his loyal service to the king in the wars [CAPW., 64]

1282 Dinas Bran [Cal. Chancery R., 240]

1284 Dolwyddelan turrim [Lit. Wal., No.319]

1287 Rhys ap Maredudd held the new castle in Emelyn (Novum Castrum) until he rose in war, 1318-9 [CAPW., 71; AC]

1287 Dryslwyn (Deresloyn) besieged, [AC]


The Norman Castles

1051 'aene castel' in Herefordshire, ASC

1052 Ewias Harold (Pentecost's) and Howton (Hugh's) castle, ASC, Richards Castle

1056 fortress (gaer) of Hereford [R.B.H.], Longtown

1064 Dover castle [Roger of Hovedene]

1066 Herefordshire Beacon

1067 Hereford [A.S.C., D, 146]

1069 Sept Worcester castle built [Wm of Malmesbury, Gesta Pontificum, 253]

1069 Shrewsbury [Ord. Vit. II, 228]

1071 Monmouth [C.D.F., No.113 & Ll., 277-8]

1071 Chepstow, Wigmore, Ewias Harold, Clifford [D.B. I, ff.162,183b]

1071-2 Winchester motte with timber revetment built, Biddle [1975], 104-5

1073 Rhuddlan [Ord. Vit., III, 280-3 & Gruf., 112-3]

1074 Montgomery (Mungumeri) a castle? [A.C. s.a.1072]

1075 Rhuddlan attacked [Gruf., 116-7]

1075 Winchester motte revetment replaced by stonework

1080 Degannwy [Gruf., 118-9?]

1081 Cardiff founded [Ex.D.B. & Margan, 4, B.y.S., Pen., 156n]

1086 Monmouth, Caerleon, Richards Castle, Eardisley [D.B., I, ff.180b,184b-186]. Suggestion of castle at Moreton Corbet

1087 Goodrich, see 1101/2

1088 Bristol [Symeon of Durham II, 215]

1090 Aber Lleiniog built [Gruf., 113]

1093 Brecon commenced [Ord. Vit. II, 254]; Cymaron and Diniethon castles

1093 Normans built castles in Dyfed and Ceredigion [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1093? Rhyd-y-gors (Rydcors) founded by Wm f. Baldwin [A.C. s.a.1096, n.14].  Castell Dinas Emrys had been built.

1094 Caernarfon and Bangor, Aber Lleiniog and Tomen y Mur in Meirionydd, [Gruf., 113-4,141,153]

1094 Norman Castles in Gwynedd destroyed [R.B.H.]

1094 Pembroke (Penuro/Pembroc) and Rhyd-y-gors (Ryt y Gors/Ricors) besieged. Other castles of Dyfed and Ceredigion destroyed [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1095 Montgomery destroyed [A.S.C., E, 173]

1096 Rhyd-y-gors (Ryt (y) Cors) abandoned [R.B.H. & AC]

1096 Castles attacked? in Brycheiniog [R.B.H.]

1096 Castles built in Brycheiniog [A.C.]

1096 Pembroke (Penuro) attacked by Hywel ap Goronwy [R.B.H.]

1097 Pembroke (Penuro/Penbroc), counter-attack from [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1098 Aber Lleiniog (Aber Lliennauc) built [B.y.S. & Pen., 159n]

1098 Castles built in Mon [AC]

1099 Penrice (Aberpergwm) founded [Arch. Camb. XC, 71]

1100 Abergavenny [C.D.F., No.1046]

1101 Carreg Hwfa built [Fl. Wig. II, 50]

1101/2 Goodrich [C.D.F., no's. 1126, 1133, 1136]

1102 Pembroke (Penuro) had been built by Arnulf who had obtained Dyfed as his portion [R.B.H.]

1102 Castles of Shrewsbury were Shrewsbury (Amwythic), Arundel (Arwndel), Blyth (Blif) and Bridgnorth (Bryg), which had been constructed without the King's permission [R.B.H.]

1105 Rhyd-y-gors (Ryt y Cors) provisioned [R.B.H.]

1105 Gloucester keep [Reg. Reg. Anglo Norm. II, 706]

1106 New Castle Bridgend (Novo Castello) in Glamorgan [Cal. Chart. R. II, 490-1]

1108 Gerald of Pembroke (Pennuro) built Cenarth Bychan ((K)enarth Bychann/Chenarth Bechan/Kilgarran castle, Pen., 163n), which he fortified with a ditch and a wall (mur) and made gates fastened with locks and bars [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1107]

1109 Cenarth Bychan/Chenarth Wechan taken and burnt by Owain ap Cadwgan [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1110]

1110 Gilbert fitz Richard built castles at Aberystwyth (Ystwyth) and Dingeraint (Din Gereint), where earl Roger (Rosser) had previously built one [R.B.H.]

1114 Whittington

1115 Cedweli (Kadweli) [Monasticon IV, 64]

1115 Stanton Holdgate [Monasticon I, 482]

1115 Pembroke (Penuro) [R.B.H.]

1115 Arnulf f R (Rosser), earl of Montgomery Castle (Castell Baltwin) [R.B.H.]

1116 (?Sentence) castle close to Arberth (Arberth) burnt [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1116 Llandovery (Llanymdyfri) to whom king Henry had given Cantref Bychan defended against attack by Maredudd ap Rhydderch ap Caradog, the steward of Richard Fitz Pons. Outer castle burnt, tower held, [R.B.H.]

1116 Bailey of Henry Beaumont's castle near Swansea burnt, tower held, [R.B.H.]

1116 Carmarthen (Caer Vyrdin), bailey burnt, tower held [R.B.H.]

1116 Bleddri ap Cedifor entrusted with castle of Robert Courtemain (Lawgam) at Abercorram (Aber Cofwy) [R.B.H. & Pen., 167n]

1116 Castle in Gower burnt outright [R.B.H.]

1116 William of Londres abandoned his castle, prob. Oystermouth [R.B.H.]

1116 Blaen Porth Hoddnant (Hodnant) town attacked and partially burnt, [R.B.H.]

1116 Razo's castle at Ystrad Peithyll (Ystrat Peithill) in Penweddig (yMhenwedic) burnt [R.B.H.]

1116 Aberystwyth (Aber Ystwyth/Aber Ystoit) aided by garrison of Ystrad Meurig (Ystrat Meuruc), which had been built by Lord Gilbert [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1121 Hay (Haia) [Anc. Chart., 8]

1126/7 Radnor (Radenouvre) borough, so castle? [St. Peter I, 111; II, 103]

1127 Llandovery (Cantarabohan) [Monasticon III, 447]

1128 Bridgnorth (Brwch) [R.B.H.]

1128 Cae Castle (Cair Castell), Gwent Castle & Castle Dinan (cestill dinan) [Cartae Glam., No.LV]

1129 Cae Castle (Cair Castell), Gwent Castle & Castle Dinan (cestill dinan) [Cartae Glam., No.LXIV]

1129 Neath? [Cartae Glam. I, 75]

1130 Wizo of Wiston castle died [P.R.]

1134 Kilpeck [St. Peter I, 16]

1134 Cymaron (Cans) destroyed [Ord. Vit. VI, 442]

1136 Aberystwyth (Aber Ystwyth/Aberystuit), Walter de Bek, Richard de la Mare, Dineirth (Dinyrth/Dineirth) and Caerwedros (Caer Wedros/Kairwedros) burnt [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1137 Ystrad Meurig (Ystrat Meuryc/Estrat Meuric), Lampeter (Llan Ystyffan/Stephani), Humfrey's Castle (Hwmfre/Humfredi) and Carmarthen (Chaer Vyrdin/Cairmardyn) castles burnt [R.B.H.; A.C. & Pen., 174n]

1138 Ellesmere, Overton, Whittington [Ord. Vit. XIII, cap.37]

1138 Usk [Ord. Vit. XIII, cap.26]

1138 Weobley [Fl. Wig. II, 106]

1138-9 Ludlow [Fl. Wig. II, 110]

1140-8 Ogmore (Hoggemor) [Cartae Glam. VI, no. MDXLIV, pp.2265-6

1140-9 Clun [C.D.F., no. 1145]

1140 Bromfield burnt [An Cest, 21]

1141 Abergavenny [Anc. Chart., n. 10]

1143-55 Cefn Barn (SO.145314, Waynard's Castle), Monasticon III, 265

1144 Hugh f. Rawlf repaired Cymaron (Gymaeron, Gemaeron, Gemaron) [R.B.H.]

1144 Colwyn repaired [R.B.H.]

1144 Glasbury and Bronllys [P.R.O. D.L.27/1]

1145 Earl Gilbert built Carmarthen (Caer Vyrdin/Kermerd) and a castle in Mabudrud (yMabudrut/Mabudrut) [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1145 Cardigan (Aberteyui) destroyed [A.C.]

1146 Dinefwr (Dinweileir/Dinehwr) built by Earl Gilbert overcome [R.B.H. & Pen., 176n]

1146 Carmarthen (Caer Vyrdin/Cayrmardin) and Llanstephan (Llann Ystyffant/Landestephan) taken [R.B.H.]

1146 Dinefwr (Dinweilleir), Carmarthen (Kermerd/Cayrmardin) and Llanstephan captured, [A.C.]

1146 Mold? (Wydgruc/Guidgruc) taken and burnt [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1147]

c.1146 Giraldus born in Manorbrier castle, Gir. Camb. Opera I, 21

1147 Wizo's Castle (Gwis/Wiz) taken [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1148]

c.1148 Bishops Castle [Eyton XI, 203]

c.1150 Caerwent (Castell Gwent, Lib. Land. 44

1150-9 Bishops Castle (Castelli de Lidebir') [Haughmond, 700]

1153 Tenby (Dinbych) overwhelmed [R.B.H.]

1153 Ystrad Cyngen (Ystrat Kyngen) ravaged [R.B.H.]

1153 Aberafan (Aber Auyn) burned [R.B.H.].  Round keep at Buckenham, Norfs, had been built.

1154 Grosmont [Reg. Reg. Anglo Norm. III, 314]

1154 Mention of 'the motte of Hereford with the whole castle' granted to Earl Roger of Gloucester [Rot Chart (RS), 53, 61b]

1156 Church Stretton castle held by Rex [PR 2 Hen II, 43]

1157 Clun [C.D.F., No.1127]

1157 Rhuddlan (Ruthlan) built [A.C. s.a.1158]

1158 Rosser earl of Clare provisioned Ystrad Meurig (Ystrat Meuryc/Stratmeuric), Humfrey's (Hwmfre/Hunfredi = Gwallter, Pen., 180n), Aberdyfi (Aber Dyui/Aberdiwy), Dineirth (Dineir(th)), and Llanrhystud (Llannrystut) [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1159]

1158 Llandovery (Llanymdyfri/Lanamdewi) of Walter Clifford taken by Rhys, [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1159]

1158 Humfrey's (Hwmfre/Humfredi) castle taken [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1159]

1158 Rhys burned castles of Ceredigion [R.B.H.]

1158 Rhuddlan (Ruthaln) rebuilt [A.C.]

1159 Rhys burned castles of Dyfed [R.B.H.]

1158 Cardiff [Margan, 15; Gir. Camb. VI, 63]

1159 Rhys attacked Carmarthen (Gaer Vyrdin) [R.B.H.]

1159 Dinwileir (Dinwileir/Denweileir) [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1160]

1159-62 Carreghofa garrisoned [HKW II, 602]

1160 Clun, Ruthin, Oswestry, Llandovery [P.R. 6 Henry II, 27,30]

1160 £41 spent at Llandovery in operatione castelli de Canterbohhan [PR 6 Henry II, 23, 28, 30]

1160 (Dernio) Herefs, [P.R. 6 Henry II, 26]

1160 Carreghofa gateway repaired at expenditure of 3s 4d [PR 6 Hen II, 26]

1160 Bengeworth castle destroyed [Chronicle of Evesham, 100]

1161 Clun, Ruthin, Oswestry, Llandovery [P.R. 7 Henry II, 22-3, 40, 54]

c.1162 Frome, Herefordshire [D.B.H., 44]

1162 (Dinweilir), Llandovery (Llanaindewri, Lanamdeuri) taken by Rhys, [A.C. s.a.1163]

1162 Rhuddlan (Rowelent) and Basingwick fortified [Waverley, 216]

1162 Clun, Ruthin, Oswestry, Llandovery [P.R. 8 Henry II, 16, 56, 59]

1163 Carreg Hwfa (Carrec Oua) fell [R.B.H.]

1163 Dinefwr (Dineuwr) taken by Rhys [R.B.H.]

1163 £19 17s 4d on garrisons and repair of Skenfrith, Grosmont, White Castle [P.R. 9 Henry II, 7]

1163 Clun, Bryn Amlwg (Ruthin), Oswestry [P.R. 9 Henry II, 4]

1164 Aber-Rheidol (Aber Reidawl/Aber Redival) and Mabwynion (Mabwynyawn/Mebwenniaun) destroyed by Rhys, and other castles of Ceredigion? [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1165]

1164 Clun, Bryn Amlwg (Ruthin), Oswestry [P.R. 10 Henry II, 9]

1165 Repairs to houses in mota Hereford, [PR 11 Hen II, 100]

1165 Cardigan (Aber Teiui/Abertewy) destroyed (and left ruined until 1171) and Cilgerran (Kilgarann) taken [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1166]

1165 Caus (Chaus) [P.R. 11 Henry II, 98]

1165 2m to Roger Powis to 'munition the tower of Shrewsbury' and £17 13s 5d on 'the work of the castle' [PR 11 Hen II, 89]

1165 Shrawardine [Liber Niger Scaccarri I, 148]

1166 Bronllys stone tower burnt by accident [Gir. Camb. VI, 31]

1166 Basingwick (Dinas Bassin) destroyed by Owain Gwynedd [R.B.H.]

1166 £9 14s 1d spent on Shrewsbury [PR 12 Hen II, 59]

1167 Rhuddlan (Rudlan) taken after three month siege, and destroyed with Prestatyn (Prystatun) [R.B.H.]

1168 (Overtona), Bishop's Castle (Lidebia) [P.R. 14 Henry II, 117]

1168 £9 12s 5d spent on Shrewsbury [PR 14 Hen II, 93]

1169 Buellt destroyed [A.C.]

1169 Bridgnorth tower, Chirk? (Doura) [P.R. 15 Henry II, 107, 111]

1169 Kenfig (Keynesham) [Ex.D.B.]

1169 Hereford works on domus in mota [PR 15 Hen II, 140]

1169 £8 on the work on the 'king's houses' and the repair of Shrewsbury [PR 15 hen II, 89]

1171 Caerleon (Kaer Llion) attacked by Welsh of Gwent [R.B.H.]

1171 Pembroke (Penuro) [R.B.H.]

1171 Shrawardine repaired [PR 17 Hen II, 32]

1172 Laugharne (Talacharnn) mentioned, but not as castle [R.B.H.]

1172 Newport new castle on the Usk (castell newyd ar Wysc) [R.B.H.]

1172 Haverfordwest [Gir. Camb. VI, 107-9]

1172 Abergavenny (Aber Geuenni) [R.B.H.]

1172 Ellesmere, Shrawardine (Sthraurdi) [P.R. 18 [pos 20] Henry II, 110]

1172 Kington [Ben. Ab. I, 35]

1173 Caerleon (Chaer Llion) motte and bailey taken by Iorwerth ab Owain of Gwynllwg [R.B.H.]

1173 £5 at Shrewsbury in operatione castelli de Salopesberia in mota [PR 19 Hen II, 108]

1173-4 Colchester £50 ad faciendam Balliam circa Castellum de Colecestr' [PR 19 Hen II, 13 & PR 20 Hen II, 75]

1174 Castles in Gwent-Is-Coed not taken [R.B.H.]

1175 Abergavenny (Abergavenni) [A.C.]

c.1190 Glasbury [P.R.O. D.L.27/1]

1176 Alton [Monasticon V, 662]

1179 Cymaron [P.R. 25 Henry II, 39]

1179/80 Bishop's Castle (Lidebury) [Haughmond, 705]

1181-2 £1 6s 6d spent on throwing down and rebuilding defective section of Hereford castle wall [PR 28 Hen II, 12]

1181-3 £170 spent on Carmarthen castle, PR 27 Hen II, 5, 15; PR 28 Hen II, 108; PR 29 Hen II, 141]

1181-1215 Nearly every year money spent on Shrewsbury [PR's & RLC I, 16b]

1182 Cymaron, Knighton (Cnichteton) [P.R. 28 Henry II, 11]

1182 Dingestow (Landinegath juxta Munmuth) being built [Gir. Camb. VI, 51-3]

1182 Abergavenny, except for keep fell [Gir. Camb. VI, 50]

1182-5 Neath [An. Monastici I, 18]

1184 £14 spent at Grosmont [PR 30 Hen II, 34]

1184 £22 3s 4d spent on fashioning palisades in woods near Chepstow and sending them to Kenfig to protect town and castle [PR 30 Hen II, 60, 111]

1184 Cardiff and New Port (Novus Burgus) fortified with palisades [PR 30 Hen II, 5-8]

1184 Rhymney (Remmi) [P.R.]

1185 Chepstow £10 13s & Usk £? spent on repairs (held by Crown after death of Richard of Pembroke in 1176) [PR 31 Hen II, 8-10]

1185 24 ships carried timber to Kenfig and £16 11s 6½d spent on repairs to gates, palisades and other fortifications [PR 31 Hen II, 5-6]

c.1185 Tong [Monasticon VI, 263, no. 5]

1185-8 £130+ spent at White Castle [PR 31 Hen II, 196; 32 Hen II, 29; 33 Henry II, 130; 34 Hen II, 210]

1186 £1 spent on building 'a certain chamber' at Grosmont, [PR 32 hen II, 29]

1186-9 Newport [St. Peter II, 48, no. DIII]

1187 Shrawardine, Kington, Weobley, Ewias Harold and Longtown (New Castle) [P.R. 33 Henry II, 63, 131, 134]

1187-91 £64 2s 8d spent at Skenfrith on the repair of the palisade and making the bailey [PR33 Hen II, 131; 34 Hen II, 210; 2 Ric I, 45, 48; 5 Ric I, 86]

1188 Hay, Brecon, Clifford, Goodrich, Wilton, Chepstow, Abergavenny, Usk (Osch), Caerleon, Newport, Rumney, Cardiff, Neath, Swansea (Abertawe), Loughor (Loholt), Cedweli (Kedwely), Carmarthen, St Clears, Llawhaden (Lanwardein), Monmouth [Gir. Camb. VI, 55, 171-2]

1189 St Clears (Seint Cler), Abercorram (Aber Corran), and Llanstephan (Llann Ystyphan) taken by Rhys [R.B.H.]

1189 (Carnawillian (in Gower??)) destroyed, Carmarthen (Kermerdin) besieged [A.C.]

1189 Richards Castle [P.R.]

1189 Bredwardine [B.L. Additional Ms. 20408]

1190 Carmarthen (Kaermerdin), Swansea (Sveinesea), and Llawhaden (Lanwadein) [P.R. 2 Richard I, 48]

1191 Nevern (Niuer/Newer or Kemmer) taken [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1191 Knighton (Cnichteton) and Norton (Norton) [P.R. 3 Richard I, 77]

1191 Wigmore [Devizes, 406]

1192 Lawhaden (Llannyhadein/Lanwaden) taken [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1192 Swansea (Sweynese) besieged by Rhys [A.C. n.6]

1193 Wizo's Castle (Gwis/Wiz or Viech) demolished [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1193 Llandovery (Lanamdeuery) destroyed [AC]

1193 Knighton (Cnichteton) and Norton (Norton) [P.R. 5 Richard I, 87]

c.1193 Dinas Powys [Cartae Glam. I, 224]

1194 Carreg Hwfa curtain wall (cingulum) built at £40 (Carraghofa) [P.R. 6 Richard I, 142; & Ric I, 244]

1194-5 5m spent on Church Stretton castle [PR 7 Ric, 244]

1195 Painscastle [Worcs, 388]

1195 Cymaron (Gamaron/Cameron/Camaron) built/strengthened by Roger Mortimer, [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1195 Cymaron (Camarun) and Bleddfa (Bledwach), Mathrafal (Matefelun), Shrawardine, repaired [P.R. 7 Richard I, 108, 244]

1196 Carmarthen (Gaer Vyrdin/Kermerdin) and (Maysheueyt (a castle?)) attacked by Rhys [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1196 (Maysheueyt (a castle?)) attacked by Rhys [A.C.]

1196 Colwyn (Colwyn) and Radnor (Maes Hyfeid/Redenor) burnt [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1196 Painscastle (Chastell Paen yn Eluael) taken and returned [R.B.H.]

1196 Denbigh (Dinebech), Snodhill (Snathill) [P.R. 8 Richard I, 42, 211]

1197 Carreg Hwfa (Carrec Huwa) given to Gwenwynwyn [A.C.]

<1197 Caldicot, Camden Miscellany XXII, 67

1198 Painscastle (Chastell Paen/Payn) attacked [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1199 Hereford, Grosmont, White Castle, Skenfrith, Kington and Bishop's Castle [P.R. 1 John, 214].  Bredwardine, Cur. Reg.

1202 Castle of Gwrtheyrnion (Chastell Gwerthrynyawn) burnt [R.B.H.]

1202-3 'small tower' built at Hereford at cost of just over £100 [PR 4 John, 273; 5 John, 55]

1203 Kington [P.R. 5 John, 58]

1204 Cardigan [PR 7 John, 93; Rot Lit Claus, 19b]

1204 Shrawardine repaired [PR 6 John, 154]

1205 Boughrood (Bouret) [Rot. Lit. Claus., 41b]

1205 Hawarden, P.R.

1205 Shrawardine repaired [PR 7 John, 88]

1206 Boughrood (Boskeret) [Rot. Lit. Pat., 56]

1207 Hay, Brecon, Radnor [Foedera, 107]

1207 Knighton (Kinton) Norton (Norton) [P.R. 9 John, 7; Rot.Lit. Pat., 74b]

1207 Stapleton [Rot. Lit. Pat I, 73b]

1207 Shrawardine repaired [PR 9 John, 5]

1208 Cardiff, Neath and Newport repaired by Fawkes Bréauté at £81 8s 6d [PR 9 John, 221; 10 John, 24; RLC I, 92]

1208 Blaenllyfni? [Rot. Lit. Pat., 86]

1210 Haverfordwest (Hauerfordiae) [A.C.]

1210 Degannwy (Deganwy) and Holywell (Trefynnawn) built by Earl of Chester, [R.B.H.]

1210 Buellt (Buellt/Buelth) fortified [R.B.H. & CW]

1210 Carew [Rot. Lit. Pat., 92]

1210 Abergavenny (Bergeveni), Brecon (Brekenio), Radnor (Radenouer), Rotuli de Praestitis, 147]

1211 Degannwy (Dyganwy) [R.B.H.]

1211 Aberystwyth (Aber Ystwyth/Aberistut) castle built, and destroyed [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1212 Carreg Hwfa (Carrec Offa) rebuilt [CW s.a.1212; PR 14 John, 88]

1212 Degannwy (Dyganwy) and Rhuddlan (Rudlan). Mathrafal (Marthaual) attacked, and then burned by John [R.B.H.]

1212 Aber Conway (Aber Konwy) [B.y.S.; Pen., 195n]

1212 Holywell (Haliwell), Mathrafal (Madrael), Carreg Hwfa (Karracoue), Rhuddlan (Rufin), Kinnerley (Eggelawe) [P.R. 14 John, 88, 90]

1212 Shrawardine repaired [PR 14 John, 88]

1213 Degannwy (Dyganwy) and Rhuddlan (Rudlan) taken by Llywelyn [R.B.H.]

1213 Degannwy (Deganuy), Rhuddlan (Rudlan), Holywell (Trewphennaun) and Tafolwern (Walvernia apud Kereynaun) taken by Llywelyn, Gwenwynwyn takes Carreg Hwfa (Carrech Hova) [CW s.a.1212]

1213 Brecon [Rot. Lit. Claus., 148b]

1213 10 June Robert Vipont ordered to hand Carrgehofa, Chirk, Oswestry, Shrawardine and Edgerley to John Lestrange [Rot Lit Pat, 100]

1214 Brecon, Radnor (Radenoure), Abergavenny (Bergaveni) [P.R. 16 John, 138]

1214 Cymaron (Caminarum) [Rotuli Chartarum 1199-1216, 206]

1214 Shrawardine repaired [PR 16 John, rot 11]

1215 Pencelli (Penn Kelli), Abergavenny (Aber Gefenni), White Castle (Castell Gwynn), Skenfrith (Ynys Gynwreid), Brecon (Aber Hodni), Radnor (Maes Hyueid), Hay (Gelli), Blaenllyfni (Blaen Llyfni) and Buellt (Buellt) surrendered to Braose without resistance [R.B.H.]

1215 Painscastle (Castell Paen) and Colwyn (Colwyn) taken by Gwallter ab Einion Clud [R.B.H.]

1215 Montgomery (Mumgumbria) and Cymaron (Kamhawn) destroyed [CW s.a.1214]

1215 Cedweli (Getweli) ? taken by Rhys Ieuanc [R.B.H.]

1215 Loughor (Llychwr) taken by Rhys Ieuanc [R.B.H.]

1215 Swansea (Abertaui) in Gower taken, A.C. s.a.1216]

1215 Hugh's (Hu) castle burned [R.B.H.]

1215 Oystermouth (Ystum Llwynarth) burned, and within 3 days all the castles of Gower [R.B.H.]

1215 Carmarthen (Kaer Vyrdin/Kermerdin) thrown to ground [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1214]

1215 Llanstephan (L(l)ann Ystyphan/Sancti Stephani), Laugharne (Thalacharn/Abercorran? [CW s.a.1214]), St Clears (Sein Cler/Sancti Clari), Trefdraeth (Treftraeth/Treftraid), Cardigan (Aberteiui/Aberteiui) and Cilgerran (Kilgerrann/Kilgarren), Swansea (Seinhenyd) and Cedweli (Kedweli/Kedweli) surrendered [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1214]

1215 Shrawardine probably destroyed Xmas [RLC I, 476]

1215 New Castle Emlyn [Pen.]

1215 August John F Alan ordered to hand Church Stretton castle over to Hugh Neville by rex [Rot Lit Pat, 151b]. The same year? he strengthened it with 10m gained from the town [Harl Ms 624, fo.163, extract from lost Memoranda roll of 4 Hen III]. Trees felled in the wood at Longnor for repairs of the castle by Hugh Neville referred to in a Forest Perambulation of 1235 [Eyton XII, 22]

1216 Swansea (Abertaui) taken at first assault [A.C.]

1216 Hay (Gelli), Radnor (Maesyueid) and Oswestry (Croes Oswalt) destroyed by John [R.B.H.]

1216-21 Work at Shrewsbury under abbot of S [RLC I, 534]

1217 Buellt, Brecon (Aber Hoddni), Swansea [R.B.H.]

1217 Swansea (Seinhenydd) [Pen.]

1217 Blaenllyfni (Blenlevenny) [Rot. Lit. Claus., 316]

1217 Caus [Rot. Lit. Pat., 213]

1218 Knighton and Norton [Rot. Lit. Pat., 149]

1218 Boughrood (terra de Boghckeredum) [Rot. Lit. Claus., 355]

1219 Buellt fortified with trenches ditches and paths [Rot. Lit. Claus., 409]

1220 Narberth (Arberth/Arberth), Wizo's Castle (Gwis/Wiz) destroyed Haverfordwest (Hawlford/Harford) attacked [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1219]

1220 Shrawardine, Sheriff of Salop ordered to repair [CPR 1216-25, 226], but no expenditure recorded.

1221 Swansea (Seinhenydd) repaired by John Braose with leave of Llywelyn [R.B.H.]

1222 Nov - 1223 Oct Over £150 spent on the work at Shrewsbury, brushwood brought for lime kilns [RLC I, 523, 533b, 534, 553b, 559b, 565b]

1223 Whittington (Witinton) taken and destroyed [A.C.]

1223 Kinnerley (Kinardesl') taken [Foedera, 170]

1223 Buellt attacked [C.C.R. 1216-25, 409]

1224 Work at Shrewsbury probably completed when keepers of the works ordered to settle their debts [RLC I, 622b, 648]

1225 Rannulphus comes Cestrie cepit edificare castrum de Bestan [Ann Cest]

1226-7 Carmarthen castle repaired by king's carpenters [Rot Lit Claus, 144b, 164b]

1227 Wigmore [C.P.R. 1225-32, 171]

1227-8 Cardigan castle bridge being repaired [Cal Lib Roll 1226-40, 17, 84; Rot Lit Claus II, 144b]

1228 Castle commenced in Kerry by Rex, [AC]

1228 Buellt (Buellt/Buelth) granted to Llywelyn [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1226]

1228 Radnor and Huntington [C.P.R. 1225-32, 194]

1228 Sheriff had writ of computate to cover cost of setting up palisade [CLR 1226-40, 64]

1229 £7 11s 11d spent felling timber and carrying it to Shrewsbury in order to make a palisade round 'the tower of S.' [CLR 1226-40, 151]

1229 Castle guard services at Shrawardine transferred to Montgomery castle [CChartR 1226-57, 83]

1229-32 Stretton castle granted to Hubert Burgh [Eyton XII, 22]

1230 Brecon (Brahckuno), Radnor (Radenoure), Abergavenny (Bergeveny) [P.R. 14 Henry III, 222]

1230 Buellt destroyed [Worcs, 421]

1230 Radnor, Hay, Huntington, Brecon, Melte (Stratmelthin), St Clears (Sancto Claro) and Abergavenny [C.P.R. 1225-32, 339]

1231 Newcastle Emlyn (Castellan Emelin) of the Marshal [Ep. Acts I, 364]

1231 Painscastle (Castell Paen) built by king Henry [R.B.H.], splendidly built in stone and lime [AC], and renamed Maugre Lewelini [Worcs, 422]

1231 Montgomery (Baldwin/Mungumriam), Radnor (Maes Hyueyd/Radenor), Hay (Gelli/Haiam), and Brecon (Aber Hodni/Brechoniam) destroyed to the ground, and Neath (Ned/Neth) and Cedweli (Chetweli/Kedwely) [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1231 Cardigan (Aberteiui/Kardigan) taken by Llywelyn after walls breached, [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1233 Bronllys and Glasbury [C.C.R. 1231-34, 25]

1233 Radnor (Maessyueid/Radenor) rebuilt 2 years after being destroyed, [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1233 Brecon (Aber Hoddni/Brechonia) attacked, castles of Brycheiniog taken, Clun (Golunwy/Clua) and forest (Dyffryn Teueidat) attacked. (Castell Coch/Hithoet) thrown to ground, and Oswestry (Croes Oswalld/Albo Monasterio) town burnt [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1233 Cardiff (Caerdyf/Kirdive), Abergavenny (Abergevenni/Gevenu), Pencelli (Penn Kelli/Penkelli), Blaenllyfni (Blaenllyfni/Blanelleveni), Bwlch y Ddinas (Bwlch y Dinas/Bulkedinas), all destroyed except Cardiff, [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1234 New barbican and drawbridge built at Painscastle for c.£10 [PR 18 Hen III, rot 11]

1235 Brecon, Radnor, Huntington and Abergavenny [C.Ch.R., 192]

1238 Church Stretton castle granted to Henry Hastings and wife in lieu of her share of earldom of Chester [Eyton XII, 22]

1239-41 Rex ordered sheriff to built new chamber and tower at Shrewsbury, which cost £653 13s [CLR 1226-40, 375; CCR 1237-42, 189, 191, 203; PR 25 hen III rot 1, et in camera Regis in castro de Salop' et turella eiusdem castri faciendis sicut Rex ei iniunxit, £653 13s, Rot Hund II, 80]

1241 Diserth (Disserth/Disserth) built [R.B.H.; firmavit A.C.]

1241 Degannwy castle destroyed by Dafydd [AC, 83, note 3]

1241 Dafydd surrendered 'the land of Ellesmere' to rex and justiciar of Chester authorised to spend £40 on 'making a castle' [CPR 1232-47, 264; CLR 1240-5, 78; PR 29 Hen III, rot 13]

1241 Custodian of Grosmont authorised to spent 5m on completing unfinished chamber [CLR 1240-5, 28]

1242 Buellt (Buellt/Builth, missed from text) and castle of Maelienydd (Maelenyd/Maelenyt) (Cefnllys) built [R.B.H.& A.C.]

1244 March Henry III ordered justiciar of Chester to have the side of the castle towards the gateway rebuilt in stone by best masons he could find and to spend up to £200 on the job [CCR 1242-7, 168]

2 Apr Justiciar of Chester ordered to press on with Degannwy without delay [Cal Lib R. 1240-5, 225]

1244 Presteigne, Wigmore Abbey charters [Arch. Camb. ser. 4,vol 2, 140-5]

1244 Shrawardine handed over to John Fitz Alan [CPR 1232-47]

1244 £6 7s spent on building a chapel at Skenfrith and roofing the tower with lead [CLR 1240-5, 237]

1245 Sept onwards Degannwy (Diganwy/Deganuu) fortified [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1245 Buellt, Painscastle [C.C.R. 1242-47, 303]

1245 Building of a hall and pantry authorised at White Castle at £15 10s [CLR 1240-5, 237]

1245 Nov Sheriff of Gloucs ordered to send from every hide of land in his county one man with an axe to work for 4 days at Buellt cutting a path through the woods [CCR 1242-7, 369-70]

1245 Mold fell [An. Cest.]

1245 Work on 'great tower' at Hereford [CLR 1245-51, 247]

1245-7 Buellt, money spent on equiping it [Cal Lib 1245-51, 22, 25, 67. 104]

1246 Goodrich (castrum Godrici), [AC]

1246 Neath & Llantrisant (Landtrissen) [Cartae Glam. II, no.DXXVI]

1246 Wigmore, Cefnllys (Keventhles) and Knucklas (Cnuclays) [C.P.R. 1232-47, 489]

1246 £15 for building a chapel at Grosmont castle [CLR 1245-51, 79]

1246 Sheriff ordered to repair Shrewsbury hall [CLR 1245-51, 77]

1246 £5 spent on building new chamber at White castle [CLR 1245-51, 79]

1247 Principal tower begun at Degannwy [Cal Lib R 1245-51, 121; PR 31 Hen III rot 14]

1249 Work on principal tower at Degannwy continues [C Lib R 1245-51, PR 34 Hen III rot 18]. Mansel's tower to be linked to main ward with stonework if means found to do so [C Lib R 1245-51, 223]

1249-51 Sheriff ordered to spend up to 160m on repairs at Shrewsbury and Bridgnorth [CLR 1245-51, 233, 294], no expenditure made?

1250 Order to raise Mansel's tower by 12 feet and let it, and that the bailey between that tower and the donjon should be completely fortified in stone with 2 gateways each flanked by twin towers [C Lib R 1245-51, 223]. Within the castle a hall and chapel had already been built [Idem 6, 258]. Autumn Master Gerard sent to Degannwy to direct works in accordance with king's instructions [CCR 1247-51, 324, 439]

1250-61 Robert Waleran, constable of Cardigan, had £400 allocated to him for rebuilding the castle [Hist King's Work II, 590]

1250-2 Robert Waleran, the constable of Carmarthen, repaired the king's hall and chamber [Cal Lib Roll 1245-51, 304; CCR 1251-3, 37]

1251 Bronllys, constable of, [B.L. Campbell Charter XVIII.2]

1251 Boughrood (Bowered) and Trewern (Trewern) [C.C.R. 1247-51, 551]

1251 £7440 14s had been spent on construction of Degannwy castle and 'army of Gannoc' [PR 35 Henry III, rot 7]

1252 Carmarthen roof of keep repaired [Cal Lib 1251-60, 43; PR 36 Hen III, rot 4]

1252-4 £160 odd assigned to Robert Waleran for repairs to Carmarthen [Cal Lib Roll 1245-51, 303-4, CCR 1251-3, 37]

1252 Buellt [C.C.R. 1251-53, 425]

1253 £1500 spent on Degannwy in last 3 years building one gateway and walling half the bailey. Therefore work never finished [PR 37 Hen III rot 9]

1253-4 Buellt [CCR 1253-4, 58]

1254 £140 8s 3d allocated to repair of Carmarthen hall and chapel and £41 15s on the keep [Lib Roll 45 Hen III mem 8; PR 44 Hen III rot 8d. PRO SC 1/11/114 undated invoice for dispatch of workmen and materials from Bristol to Carmarthen]

1255 Wigmore [Rot. Hund. II, 81]

1255 'no castle' at Church Stretton [Rot Hund II, 84]

1255 Shrewsbury motte badly damaged and would cost 60 marks to remedy, dampnum mote castri Salopp' ad valenciam lx marcarum, set non recolligunt totum evenisse propter molendinum abbatis Salopp' quia xxx annis elapsis mota castri fuit fere deteriorata sicut nunc est [Rot Hund II, 80]

1256+ Ewloe castle pertained to the castle of Hawardin (Hawarden) [CAPW, 95]

1256 Painscastle [C.P.R. 1247-58, 503]

1256 Degannwy (Digannoy) and Diserth (Disserth) [A.C.]

1256-7 Payment of ironwork for Grosmont at 'the new gate towards the field' in nova porta castri versus camp [SC 6/1094/11]

1256-7 Repairs at Shrewsbury [PR 41 Hen III, rot 16; CCR 1254-6, 319; 1256-9, 36, 178-9]

1257 Montgomery (Mungumbriam, scilicet castellum Balwy) [AC, s.a.1257]

1257 Abercorram (Aber Corran), Llanstephan (Llann Ystyphan), Narberth (Arberth), and Maenclochog (Maenclochawc) destroyed [R.B.H.]

1257 Trefdraeth (Dreftraeth) destroyed [R.B.H.]

1257 Llangynwyd (Llann Genev/Llankynwch) in Glamorgan taken [R.B.H. & Pen.]

1258 Cedweli (Kidweli), (Maynour), Cilgerran (Kilgerran) [A.C.]

1260 Robert Mothaut held Hawarden castle & Ewloe (Eulowe), [C.A.P., 22-3]

1260 Buellt (Buellt/Buelth) castle twice attacked before fell and destroyed [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1260 New gateway begun at Shrewsbury in 1258 by the keeper William Bagot under provisions of Oxford and left uncompleted ordered to be finished by William Caverswall his successor [CLR 1251-60, 495, 522]

1261 Write to Robert Waleran allocating him £150 for Cardigan town wall and £284 for building the keep up to the second story [Hist King's Works II, 590, Leberate Roll 45 Henry III, m. 8; PR 44 Hen III, rot 8d]

1262 Cefnllys (Maelenyd/Kevenellis) taken [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1262 Bleddfa (Bledvach), Knucklas (Conoclas), Knighton (Trefeclaud), Norton (Nortun), Presteigne (Llanondras) destroyed [AC & An. Cest.]

1263 Montgomery (Baltwin) [R.B.H.]

1263 Degannwy (Diganwy/Diganwy), Diserth (Charrec Faelan/Disserth), and Mold, Yr Wyddgrug, (yr Wydgruc/Weidgrut) destroyed [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1263 Huntington (Huntintun) and Hay (Haia) captured [A.C.]

1264 Radnor (Redenor) destroyed [A.C. s.a.1263]

1264 Hay, Hereford, Richards Castle and Ludlow captured [Rishanger, 30]

1264 Hopton [C.A.P.W., 294]

1265 Monmouth (Mori) and Usk (Usg) captured [A.C.]

1266 Palisade around the tower at Shrewsbury mentioned [Lib Roll 50 Hen III, mem 11]

1267 Montgomery (Baldwyn) [R.B.H.]

1268 Huntington and Hay [C.L.R., 31]

1269-71 Great wooden tower collapsed at Shrewsbury [Rot Hund II, 106] dicunt quod unus magnus turris ligneus qui edificatur in castro Salopp' corruit in terram tempore domini Uriani de S Petro tunc vicecomitis, et meremium ejusdem turris... postea... ita consummatur et destriutur quod nichil de illo remansit

1270 Llywelyn seized Caerphilly (Caerfili) [R.B.H.]

1272 Clun, small, well built. Tower roof needed covering with lead and its bridge repaired. Bailey and a certain gate been begun, but not finished [C.P.R. 1266-72, 514; Eyton XI, 232-3]

1273 Castles of Brecon (Brokeny) being attacked by Llywelyn's men [C.A.C.W., 57]

1273-6 Cefnllys (Kefen y llys) being expanded [C.A.C.W., 94]

1275 10 September, Bogo de Knovelle, bailiff of Oswestry ordered to repair and maintain.. castle of Oswestry [CAPW, 320]

1275 Glasbury [C.P.R. 1272-81, 116]

1275 Richards Castle [Rot. Hund., 184a]

1275 Carmarthen Dungeo ex quinque parvis turribus constructa, the donjon with 5 towers, magna turris the hall, chapel, stable and kitchen, the castle gate and castle wall were all in a state of great dilapidation, but it was estimated that all could be put right for 100 marks (£66 13s 4d) [Royal Charters and other documents relating to Carmarthen ed JR Daniel-Tyssen & AC Evans [Carmarthen, 1878], 45.

1277 Aberystwyth (Aber Ystwyth/Llan Padarn), Flint (Ffli(n)t), and Rhuddlan (Rudlan/Rutlan) fortified [R.B.H. & A.C. s.a.1276]

1278 Prior Nicholas of Llanthony complained against Theobald Verdon for attacks on this lands of Old Castle and Red Castle in Ewias [CPR, 1272-81, 350; Cal. Inq. Misc. I, 1127]

1280 Boughrood and Trewern [W.A.R., 308,315]

1280-1 £16 18s 1d spent at Shrewsbury [PR 12 Ed I, rot 6d]

1282 Hawarden (Pennardlaawc) taken [R.B.H.]

1282 Aberystwyth (Aber Ystwyth/Lampadarnvaur) taken and rampart that was around town and castle destroyed [R.B.H. & A.C.]

1282 Llandovery (Lanamdeuery), Carreg Cennen (Carregkennen) taken [A.C.]

1282 Conway (Aberconwi) commenced [A.C. s.a.1280]

1282 Tinboeth (Dunnaud), Cefnllys (Kevenlles), Wigmore [P.R.O. S.C.6/1208/1]

1282 Wigmore, Radnor (Radnore), Cefnllys (Kevenlles), Tinboeth (Dynbaud), Knucklas (Knocklas) [P.R. 12 Edward I, 1284]

1284 Aberedw being built [Calendar of Chancery Rolls, 295; C.C.R. 1279-88, 342]

1287 Llandovery (Lanamdevery), Dinefwr (Dynewr), Carreg Cennen (Carregkennen), [AC]

1287-9 £29 12s 7½d spent on repairs to king's hall at Shrewsbury [PR 25 Ed I, rot 17d; CCR 1279-8, 516; 1288-96, 22]

1297 before 3 July the men of Morgannwg plead for the release of hostages taken when the castle of Llantrissant [Lantrissen] was being rebuilt [CAPW, 217]

1300 The palisade on the motte at Shrewsbury remade and a bridge repaired at cost of £8 14s 11d [PR 33 Ed I, rot 15d; CCR 1296-1302, 356]

 

For further detailed information on castles, battles, lords and princes in Wales and along the frontier purchase A Political Chronology of Wales, 1066 to 1282

 

 


Copyright©1994-2007 Paul Martin Remfry


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