Laugharne
A Norman called Robert
Crookedhand (Courtemain)
held the castle called Abercorram in 1116, when he made Bleddyn ap
Cedifor it'constable during the disturbances in Deheubarth caused by
Gruffydd ap Rhys (d.1137). The castle obviously survived this
and in 1171 King Henry II met Rhys ap Gruffydd (d.1197) there and made
an agreement with him over control of South Wales that led shortly to
Rhys being made justiciar of South Wales. When Henry died in
1189, Laugharne castle along with those of St Clears, Kidwelly and Llanstephan, were seized
by Rhys on his first onslaught against the men of Richard I.
The castle was probably recaptured by 1193, but in November 1215 it was
taken by Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (d.1240) in his great South Welsh
campaign. The castle was then held by Maelgwn ap Rhys
(d.1230) until 1220/3. Apparently since the reign of King
Stephen, the castle had been held by the Tracy family - allegedly and probably wrongly considered
illegitimate descendants of King Henry I
(d.1135). This family was close to the Braoses of Radnor and
married into that family affiliation 3 times, before, around 1240, the daughter and heiress of Henry Tracy (d.1274) married
Guy Brion (d.1268), taking Laugharne castle to him as dower.
In 1257 Guy was captured, probably at the battle
of Cymerau and Laugharne castle together with Llanstephan and Narberth, were rapidly taken
by forces loyal to Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffydd (d.1282). Guy
was still held captive on 29 October 1258, when the king gave
£100 towards his ransom. Presumably he was freed
soon afterwards and then managed to recover his castle which was recorded
as a normal barony held of Carmarthen in 1275. The Brians, as they
had become, finally died out at the end of the fourteenth century -
there being a distinguished effigy of Guy Brian (d.1390) in Tewkesbury
abbey.
In 1584, Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) granted Laugharne to Sir John Perrott, said
to have been an illegitimate son of Henry VIII (1509-47). Perrott was
responsible for converting the castle into the Tudor palace whose ruins
grace the seafront today. He did the same thing to Carew castle. Unfortunately for the palace the
place was put into a state of defence during the Civil War.
Consequently it was captured by the Royalists in 1644 and during a
subsequent week long siege by the Parliamentarians was damaged by
cannon fire before the garrison surrendered. To add insult to
injury the palace was then slighted to prevent a similar
occurrence. The castle gazebo later became workplace to two
famous authors with Richard Hughes writing 'In Hazard' and Dylan Thomas
a 'Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog'.
Description
The castle seems to have begun its existence as a simple ringwork, like
many other castles in the area, viz. Kidwelly,
Oystermouth, Llanstephan and Carreg Cennen.
On this 2 thick walled round towers, mainly consisting of a red
sandstone coursed rubble with some greenstone carefully laid in, were
built on the north side in front of a presumed ditch of which no trace
currently remains. A curtain wall was also constructed in red
sandstone. There is no trace of this between the 2 towers where a
hall block has been added. However, the toothing of a west
curtain wall can still be seen running south-east from the north-east tower.
There is also a fragment of this remaining where it joins the
thin nineteenth century retaining wall along the shore front. At
this point there appears to have been a rectangular chamber running
parallel to the original south-east curtain. Of this a fragment survives
at the south-east junction of the south wall as well as some of the interior
wall. This wall is much thinner than the west wall running south
from the keep, which still has traces of a gateway in it.
There
was another rectangular thirteenth century building at the south-west corner of
the enceinte which is now occupied by the later kitchen. There is
much original red sandstone masonry embedded by later greenstone work
along the less exposed riverside. This later greenstone work also
overtops the early wall on the
interior side, with one large chimney in particular being suddenly cut
off at the change from red to green sandstone. At the south-east end
of this block, set back some 6' back from the later wall edge, is a
small, solid D shaped turret. After this the wall continues
on its way around the sea front towards the north-east as a nineteenth century
retaining wall, although part of it beyond the gazebo is thought to be
fourteenth century.
The larger north-west tower seems to have been a round keep, placed as it was near to
the
entrance. It is also slightly bigger than the other tower at
35' diameter rather than 30' of the north-east tower. The keep has a
later domed roof and its upper floors were gained via a
curving mural stair in its south-west wall. Such stairs are generally
seen as earlier than spiral stairs. Internally it can be seen
that many embrasures have been blocked off when the tower was
refurbished.
Between the keep and the 5 storey north-east tower
stands a hall block with its 3 floors of south facing windows blocked
up. The hall also has a D shaped turret to the exposed north and
the whole is made of a mixture of red and green sandstone.
The ground floor angular embrasures along this wall would appear
to be original. Later, a second hall was built against the
south curtain. A probably originally 3 storey, D shaped
tower of similar dimensions to that on the hall, was also added at the
south-west corner of the ward. This was later heightened by
another 2 storeys in greenstone. Peculiarly this tower projects
most onto the riverside and not into the more vulnerable ground to the
west. The north-east tower, like the keep, has a pronounced
plinth. It also originally had first floor loops of which the
blocked lower part of one still exists beneath a broken later window
embrasure. The tower was originally of 3 storeys, including
its original blind basement, but, like the rest of the castle, it has a
later, much thinner 2 top storeys added. The upper floors
were reached by a spiral stair against its south side which has now all
but disappeared.
At the west end of the inner ward was a boldly projecting rectangular
gatehouse with two round turrets on the extremities. This
seems to be all of one build and has blocked loops at first floor
level. Presumably it too has been heightened, probably in
Tudor times when many large windows were added throughout.
The Tudor gate would appear to be further forward to the west than its
predecessor. Simultaneously the walls were given mock
battlements.
Recent excavations have uncovered the Tudor cobbled
courtyard and a pitched stone kitchen floor. Also uncovered where
remains of an earlier castle. All that was found of this was the
east wall of what was interpreted as a hall block, partially overlain
to the north by the north-east tower. There is also a thin wall
running south-south-east towards the medieval curtain. Possibly
the hall block was
similar to the one that still stands at Grosmont. This was probably part of the first 'castle' on the site.
The outer ward is mainly gone, but a powerful rectangular twin towered
gatehouse
remains to the north. This has a polygonal tower to the east and
an irregular tower to the west with an attached garderobe turret in
line with the curtain wall that covers the north-west front. To the north-east
there is another thicker fragment of curtain adjoining the gatehouse.
Another length of wall remains to the south. This butts
against the west wall of the inner ward and runs some 45' west before
making a shallow turn to the north-west. As these are
made from the red sandstone they are presumably thirteenth century.
Why
not join me at other Lost Welsh Castles next Spring?
Please see the information on tours at Scholarly
Sojourns.
Copyright©2019
Paul Martin Remfry